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Heamatology summary 13


Chapter 13 in Haematology (Acute myeloid leukaemia) summary                    

-The leukaemia are a groupof disorders characterized by the accumulation of malignant white cells in the bone marrow and blood . they can be classified into four subtypes on the basis of being either acute or chronic, and myeloid or lymphoid.

-Acute leukaemia are aggressive diseases in which transformation of a haemopoietic stem cell leads to accumulation of >20% blast cells in the bone marrow.

-The clinical feature of acute leukaemia result from bone marrow failure and include anaemia ,infection and bleeding. Tissue infiltration can also occur.

-AML is rare i chlidhood but becomes increasingly common with age with a median onset of 65 years.

-The diagnosis is made by analysis of blood and bone marrow using microscopic examination (morphology)as well as immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular studies.

-Cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities are used to classify and indicate prognosis in the majority of cases of AML.

-In younger patients treatmet is primarily with the use of intensive chemotherapy.This is usually given in four blocks each of approximately 1 week usinng drugs such as cytosin arabinoside and daunorbicin.

-Acute promyelocytic leukaemia is a variant of AML that carries ar t (15;17) chromosomal translocation. It commonly presents with bleeding and is treated with retinoic acid and chemothrapy .

- The prognosis for patient with AML, has bee improving steadliy, particulary, for those under 60years of age ,and appromixately one-thired of this group can except to achieve lond term cure. The outcome for eldary people remins disappointing.

-Allogenetic stem cell transplantation is useful in treating some subsets of paients and may also be curative for patients with relapsed disease.

 

From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION
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