Skip to main content

Haematology summray 8


Chapter 8 in Haematology (Granulocytes and monocytes) summary

-Granulocytes include neutrophils (polymorphs),eosinophils and basophils.They are made in the bone marrow under the control of a variety of growth factors  and have a short lifspan in the blood stream befor entring tissues.

-Phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) are the  body's main defence against bacterial infection.Neutrophil leucocytosis occurs in bacterial infection and in other types of inflammation.Neutropenia , if severe, predisposes to infection. It may be caused by bone marrow failure, chemotherapy or radiotherapy drugs.

-Eosinophilia is most frequently caused by allergic diseases, including skin diseases,parasitic infection or drugs. Ti can be caused by clonacal increase in eosinophils termed chronic eosinophil leukamia or an idiopathic condtion, often associted with tissue damage.

-Detects of function of neutrophils and monocytes may affect their chemotaxis, phagocytesis oe killing.

-Histocytes are tissue macrophages derived from ciculation monocytes.They may form cloncal diseases called Langerhans' cell histocytosis which affect single or multiple organs.

-The haemophagocytic syndrom involves destruction of red cells, granulocytes and platelets by tissue macrophages.

-Lysosomal storage diseases are caused by inherited defect  in the enzymes responsible for breakdawn of glycolipids.Gaucher's disease is caused by glucocerebrosidase deficiency and is associated with accumulation of glycolipids in the reticuloendothelial system with splenomegaly,pancytopenia and bone lesions causing the main clincal manifestations  

سhils termed chronic eosinophilise in eosy allergic diseases, including skin diseases,parasitic infection or drugs. ti soccurs

  From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION

 
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

viruses

Viruses -Virus : obligate intracellular parasites . -Virus contain two genomes DNA or RNA But not both . which contain :- ss : single stranded . ds : double stranded -Capsid :- protein shell that enclose the viral genome . -Capsid symmetry : (( cabic – helical – complex )) -Viral Enveloped : help in infect host and composed of lipid bilayer and glycoprotein -Bacterophage :- viruses that infect bacteria cell ( prokaryotic ) -Virion :- complete virus particle : nuclic acid + protein . it is extracellular phase of virus (( before virus enter host cell )) -Vector virus passed from host to host through direct contact and vector . -Nucleocapsid :- viral nucleic acid + protein coat . -Viroids : is naked circular single strand RNA that infect plants . it is the smallest known pathogens . -Prions :- is infectious proteins cause brain disease e.g :- mad cow and CJD in human . -DNA viruses replicate in nucleus of host except " poxvirus " ...
1 comment
Read more

Haematology summary 18

  Chapter 18 in haematology (chroinc lymphoid leukaemias)summary -Chronic lymphocytic leukaemiaes are characterized by the accumulation of mature B or T lymphocytes in the blood. -Individual subtypes are distinguished on the basis of morphology,immunophenotype and cytogenetics. -Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL,B cell) represents 90% of cases and has a peak incidece between 60 and 80 years of age .There is genetic predisposition to development of the disease. -Most cases are indenified when a routine blood test is performed the patient can develope enlarged lymph nodes ,splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. -Immunosuppression is asignificant problem because of hypogammaglobuilaemia and cellular immune dysfunction. -Anaemia may also develop because of autoimmune haemolysis and bone marrow in filtration. -Diagnosis is usually performed by immuophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood which reveals aclonal population of CD5 + ,CD23 + B cells. -The best gu...
2 comments
Read more

Haematology summary 16

Chapter 16 in haematology (Myelodysplasia)summary -Myelodysplasia include a group of clonal disorders of heamopoietic stem cells that lead to bone marrow failure and low blood cell counts.Ahallmark of the disease is simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis is haemopoietic cells leading to the paradox of a hypercellular bone marrow but pancytopenia in peripheral blood . there is a tendency to progress to acute myeloid leukaemia. -In most cases, the disease is primary but it may be secondary to chemotherapy given for treatment of another malignancy. -The main clinical features of anaemia, infectionand bleeding, are caused by reduction in the bone count.most patients are over 70 years of age. -Diagnosis is made by examination of the blood and bone marrow together with genetic studies of the tumour cells . they are calssfiedinto eight major subtypes. -Scoring systems can divide patients in those with low-grade or high-grade disease . -Low-grade disease may not nee...
Post a Comment
Read more