Skip to main content

Heamatology summary 14


Chapter 14 in Haematology (chronic myeloid leukaemia) summary         

 

-Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a clonal disorder of a pluripotent steam cell. The disease accounts for around 15 %of leukamias and may occur at anu age.

-All cases of CML have a transloction between chromosomes 9 and 22. This leads to the BCP hene on chrosome 22 and generates the philadelphia chromosome.

-The resulting chimeric BCR-ABL1 gene codes for a fusion protien with tyrosine kinase activity.

-In some patients the phildaelphia examination of tumour cells but the only be detected by FISH or PCR.

-The disease can occur at any age but is most common between the ages of 40 and 60 years.

-The clinical feauters include anaemia bleeding and splenomegaly. There is usually a marked neutrophlia with myelocytes and basophils seen in the blood film.

-Transformation to an accelerated phase or acyte leukaemia may occur.

-Treatement is with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib,dasatinib or nilotinib.tumour cells can acquired resistance totreatment and drug therapy is tailpred in response to this.

-Stem cell transplantation can be curative and may also be useful for advanced disease.

-The clinical outlook is now very good and patient can expect long-term control of disease.

-Chronic eosinophilic and neutrophil leukaemia are much rare.

 

From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

viruses

Viruses -Virus : obligate intracellular parasites . -Virus contain two genomes DNA or RNA But not both . which contain :- ss : single stranded . ds : double stranded -Capsid :- protein shell that enclose the viral genome . -Capsid symmetry : (( cabic – helical – complex )) -Viral Enveloped : help in infect host and composed of lipid bilayer and glycoprotein -Bacterophage :- viruses that infect bacteria cell ( prokaryotic ) -Virion :- complete virus particle : nuclic acid + protein . it is extracellular phase of virus (( before virus enter host cell )) -Vector virus passed from host to host through direct contact and vector . -Nucleocapsid :- viral nucleic acid + protein coat . -Viroids : is naked circular single strand RNA that infect plants . it is the smallest known pathogens . -Prions :- is infectious proteins cause brain disease e.g :- mad cow and CJD in human . -DNA viruses replicate in nucleus of host except " poxvirus " ...
1 comment
Read more

Haematology summary 18

  Chapter 18 in haematology (chroinc lymphoid leukaemias)summary -Chronic lymphocytic leukaemiaes are characterized by the accumulation of mature B or T lymphocytes in the blood. -Individual subtypes are distinguished on the basis of morphology,immunophenotype and cytogenetics. -Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL,B cell) represents 90% of cases and has a peak incidece between 60 and 80 years of age .There is genetic predisposition to development of the disease. -Most cases are indenified when a routine blood test is performed the patient can develope enlarged lymph nodes ,splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. -Immunosuppression is asignificant problem because of hypogammaglobuilaemia and cellular immune dysfunction. -Anaemia may also develop because of autoimmune haemolysis and bone marrow in filtration. -Diagnosis is usually performed by immuophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood which reveals aclonal population of CD5 + ,CD23 + B cells. -The best gu...
2 comments
Read more

Haematology summary 16

Chapter 16 in haematology (Myelodysplasia)summary -Myelodysplasia include a group of clonal disorders of heamopoietic stem cells that lead to bone marrow failure and low blood cell counts.Ahallmark of the disease is simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis is haemopoietic cells leading to the paradox of a hypercellular bone marrow but pancytopenia in peripheral blood . there is a tendency to progress to acute myeloid leukaemia. -In most cases, the disease is primary but it may be secondary to chemotherapy given for treatment of another malignancy. -The main clinical features of anaemia, infectionand bleeding, are caused by reduction in the bone count.most patients are over 70 years of age. -Diagnosis is made by examination of the blood and bone marrow together with genetic studies of the tumour cells . they are calssfiedinto eight major subtypes. -Scoring systems can divide patients in those with low-grade or high-grade disease . -Low-grade disease may not nee...
Post a Comment
Read more