Skip to main content

Haematology summary 16


Chapter 16 in haematology (Myelodysplasia)summary

-Myelodysplasia include a group of clonal disorders of heamopoietic stem cells that lead to bone marrow failure and low blood cell counts.Ahallmark of the disease is simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis is haemopoietic cells leading to the paradox of a hypercellular bone marrow but pancytopenia in peripheral blood . there is a tendency to progress to acute myeloid leukaemia.

-In most cases, the disease is primary but it may be secondary to chemotherapy given for treatment of another malignancy.

-The main clinical features of anaemia, infectionand bleeding, are caused by reduction in the bone count.most patients are over 70 years of age.

-Diagnosis is made by examination of the blood and bone marrow together with genetic studies of the tumour cells . they are calssfiedinto eight major subtypes.

-Scoring systems can divide patients in those with low-grade or high-grade disease .

-Low-grade disease may not need treatemt . haemopoietic growth factors,lendalidomide or blood product support may be usful when required.

-High-grade myelodysplasia may be treated by itensive chemptherapy,demethylating drugs or stem cell transplantation.Allogeneic transplantation is the only curative procedure.

-Myelodusplasia/myeloproliferative neoplasma are a group of disorders classified between myelodysplasia and myeloproliferaive disorders and show the presence of dysplastic featurs but also increased number of circulating .

From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION

Labels

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Haematology summray 8

Chapter 8 in Haematology (Granulocytes and monocytes) summary -Granulocytes include neutrophils (polymorphs),eosinophils and basophils.They are made in the bone marrow under the control of a variety of growth factors   and have a short lifspan in the blood stream befor entring tissues. -Phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) are the   body's main defence against bacterial infection.Neutrophil leucocytosis occurs in bacterial infection and in other types of inflammation.Neutropenia , if severe, predisposes to infection. It may be caused by bone marrow failure, chemotherapy or radiotherapy drugs. -Eosinophilia is most frequently caused by allergic diseases, including skin diseases,parasitic infection or drugs. Ti can be caused by clonacal increase in eosinophils termed chronic eosinophil leukamia or an idiopathic condtion, often associted with tissue damage. -Detects of function of neutrophils and monocytes may affect their chemotaxis, phagocytesis oe killing. ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Haematology summray 9

Chapter 9 in Haematology (White cells: lymphocytes) summary -Lymophcytes are immunologically comptent white cells that are involved in antibody production   (B cells) and with the body's defence against viral infection or other foreign invasion (T cells). -They arise from haemopoietic stem cells in the marrow, T cells being subseqently processed in the thymus. -B cells secrete gammaglobulin antibodies specific for individual antigens.T lymphocytes are further subdivided into helper (CD4 + ) and cytotoxic (CD8 + )cells .They recognise peptides on HLA atigens.Natural killer cells are cytoxic CD8 + cells that kill target cells with low expression of HLA molecules. -The immune response occurs in the germinal centre of lymph nodes and involves B-cell and T-cell proliferation, somatic mutation, selection od cells by recognition of antigen on antigen-presenting cells and formation of plasma cells (which secrete immunoglobulin)or memory B cells. -Immunoglobulins inc...
Post a Comment
Read more

Heamatology summary 12

Chapter 12 in Haematology (Haematoloical malignancy: managment) summary -Progress in the treatment of haemopoietic malignancies has been the result of improvemnets in both supportive therapy and speicific tumour treatments. -Supportive treatments often include : insertion of a central nevous catheter; Appropriate use of red cell and platelet transfusions; Early administration of drugs to traet infection;Otimiziation of the blood coagulation system Drugs to reduce side effects such as nausea or pain;Psychological support. -Gram-positive skin organisms such as staphyloccus are common infections and often colonize central venous catheters. -Gram-Negative bacteria are usually derived from the gut and and can cause severe septicemia. -The use of air filters,handwashing and antibiotics can reduce infection rates . -Neutropenic patients who developa fever should be treated urgently with broad-spectrum antibiotics. -Herpes viruses are a common cause of infection in ...
Post a Comment
Read more